Piles of fresh cow and horse dung were placed in a pasture Whisky Glasses in Dziarny in north-east Poland.The differences between the beetle communities colonizing both types of dung at various stages of succession were analyzed.Beetles were sampled 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after placing the piles of dung in the pasture.A total of 5 343 individ
Dynamic mechanical interactions between adhesion complexes and the cytoskeleton are essential for axon outgrowth and guidance.Whether planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins, which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics and appear necessary for some axon guidance, also mediate Wild Lettuce interactions with membrane adhesion is still unclear.Here we show that
The Telephone Connectors lifestyle and feeding habits of nematodes are highly diverse.Several species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), including Pristionchus pacificus, have been reported to be necromenic, i.e.to associate with beetles in their dauer diapause stage and wait until the death of their host to resume development and feed on
Ziphiidae (beaked whales) are a successful family of medium- to large-sized toothed whales.Their extant members perform regular deep dives beyond the photic zone to forage for cephalopods and fish.Conversely, extinct long-snouted stem ziphiids are interpreted as epipelagic predators.However, some aspects of this hypothesis remain unclear due to the
The problem of providing the needs of the population of Ukraine with quality drinking water in the XXI century from the actual becomes a sharp one.The question is not only the reduction of quantitative volumes unleavened water, which is threatened by a crisis of drinking water supply to certain regions of the country, and also that it is the first